In February 2024 WHO commented on the “persistence of cholera” at the start of 2024, a continuation of the global surge in cases revealed in a report for 2022 that was published last year. The report described 2022 as the year of a “7th cholera pandemic”, which appears untamed as 2024 continues. Exacerbating this problem is the global “critical shortage” of Oral Cholera Vaccines.
Evidence of persistence
WHO’s dashboard presents the detailed country-level statistics, but a statement suggests that in January alone 17 countries reported 40,900 cases and 775 deaths.
“Zambia and Zimbabwe have experienced the highest surges, underscoring the ongoing challenge of controlling cholera and the importance of sustained public health efforts.”
WHO classified the global resurgence of cholera as a “grade 3 emergency” in January 2023. This is the highest internal level for emergencies. The event continues to be classified as grade 3 emergency.
A lack of vaccines
WHO states that from January 2023 to January 2024 there was a surge in urgent requests for Oral Cholera Vaccines (OCV), with 76 million doses requested by 14 countries. Unfortunately, only 38 million doses were available. The global stockpile is “awaiting replenishment” and all production up to 8th March will be allocated to requests that have already been approved.
There are three WHO pre-qualified OCVs, and all three “require two doses” to provide full protection. However, Sanchol and Euvichol are available through the Global OCV Stockpile, supported by Gavi.
EU support for Zambia
The European Commission stated in February 2024 that it is providing €1 million to support Zambia’s efforts against the epidemic, which puts around 3.5 million people at risk. The emergency funding is intended to aid humanitarian partners UNICEF and WHO as they address “immediate and critical needs” related to health, water, hygiene, and sanitation.
Many other countries are experiencing continued challenges, so how can vaccine development and deployment be accelerated and targeted appropriately?
